European consumption of textiles has a considerable environmental impact. The rise of "fast fashion" characterised by mass-producing low-cost clothing replicating high-fashion trends, has led to a dramatic increase in textile production and waste generation. In this chapter, we will explore the challenges and impact of the textiles sector on the environment and climate change. You will also learn about the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles and what that means for the future of textile use.